The silent threat of anemia in women: symptoms and reasons behind a global crisis
Extreme fatigue, paleness, or dizziness are not always “normal”: they may be signs of anemia, a disorder that limits the blood’s ability to transport oxygen. Despite international efforts, the prevalence of this disease in women remains alarming and threatens to thwart the global goal of halving it by 2030. Latin America and the Caribbean reflect a worrying stagnation.
Symptoms not to be ignored
Anemia is manifested by fatigue, weakness, difficulty breathing after small efforts, headaches, palpitations, and fragile nails. However, in its early stages, it may not present clear signs, which delays the diagnosis. Specialists emphasize that early detection is key to reducing complications.
Consequences on life and health
Beyond physical discomfort, anemia increases the risk of complications in pregnancy, reduces academic performance in girls, and limits productivity in adults. It is also associated with greater vulnerability to infections and a negative impact on the social and economic development of entire communities.
Diagnosis and most common causes
Confirming anemia requires a blood test and red blood cell count. Its causes include diets low in iron, hemorrhages, chronic diseases, or nutrient absorption problems. Experts highlight the importance of systematic screening in women and adolescents to ensure early diagnosis and improve quality of life.
🩸 Anemia is the decrease in hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. According to the WHO, there is anemia if hemoglobin is <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women.
Latin America facing the challenge
In Latin America and the Caribbean, the prevalence reaches 18.3%. The Caribbean has one of the highest values, with 29.1% of women of reproductive age affected, while South America presents 21.8%. These data reflect a stagnation and even a slight worsening in the last decade.
Urgent measures to reverse the trend
WHO recommends strengthening iron supplementation, fortifying staple foods, promoting balanced diets, and conducting regular blood tests. It is also essential to promote educational campaigns and ensure access to primary care.
Dr. Francisca Rojas reminds us that giving importance to anemia “means prioritizing the health of women, their children, and entire communities.” Without region-specific strategies, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of halving the prevalence by 2030.
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